Documentary

Documentaries
There are of course many subjects that can be and have been covered in documentaries,  but they normally follow a set format. Most have an agenda i.e. to tell the viewer about a topic the producer wants to get across. To start with, someone will have an idea and the documentary is made from there.

The producer is normally the lead who has decided what the documentary will be about. There are different styles that are used for different types of documentaries. Some can take a long time to make some times years. If its a wild life documentory a standard format is normally used.
Close up camera hidden near where the animals live. Some times cameras can be attached to the animals so they can track its movements / life. In David Attenborough's  ( who is probably the most famous animal documentary maker ) documentaries has had over the years been able to get very close to the animals he is researching / filming. His documentaries have managed to track animals all over the world on land and at sea. However good they are they still follow a set format.
Music / title sequence, shots of the environment the animals live in and shots of the animals to be featured, followed by David Attenborough walking into shot to start talking about which ever animal or animals they will be looking at. Then the rest will be him voice overing film sequences of the animals in their home environments etc with orchestral music in the background. I am sure a lot of work goes into selecting the music to help create the sense of danger or grace of the animals.  At the end he will be in vision  as close to the animal as they can achieve safely...! summing up what we have seen.

Another style of documentary is that of a presenter interviewing experts in a topic. This is unlike the David Attenborough documentories where he is an expert, these rely on other / experts to explain what we are being told with the presenter leading us from one expert to the next.
This is a very different experience for the viewer as often its experts either talking about a subject or demonstrating some thing. This can come in the form of a studio film sequence with an audience and then links to filmed section of site on location to show what is being discussed. I am not keen on this type of documentary as I find it boring. It's unlikely to have any music in the background and is generally head shots of people talking.

In most instances, documentaries are very much a team effort, with many different types of researchers checking, arranging and discovering things about the documentaries topic. This can of course take a long time depending on the topic and will require specialist researcher for each topic. All facts will need to be veryified and checked to make sure the documentary is accurate. Research, as I have recently discovered can be hard work and take much longer than you might think.

However not all documentaries are just to tell the viewer about a subject / topic. Some have an agenda or bias and want to make the viewer think in a certain way. This is most obvious in political based documentaries. In my view anyone who wants to make a political documentary has a political view and that will be what will be pushed. This can be seen by the topic matter i.e. is it about a political party, are they against this party or for it.. and then it will often take you down a road setting out the producers views. They will use images and music emphasis a point. Some do try to be level / un bias and have the argument for both sides but normally it focuses on one view. Panorama the BBC's main current affairs program normally has one big story to tell each week. It will focus on some thing that has happen recently and tries to sensationlise some thing.. Its not Red Top press but is a bit like that. It is presented in a hard hitting no nonsene style and has a one sided voice in each program. It follows the presenter with expert style and has very dramatic music to create excitement. Its not quite the same as the News, as the News is short stories of events that are happening now. Where Panorama will focus on one topic but with a news feel.



News Essay

NEWS - This section should contain a case-study of a studio-based news programme and needs to contain primary and secondary research on the following subjects

Codes and Conventions of studio-based news programmes

The average news show normally works in this order;
  1. Intro / Music
  2. Summary of the main news
  3. Order of stories
  4. Summary of news
  5. Weather and news sports
BBC News has a lot of VT inserts which include; Interviews, Voice-overs and graphics to give the show more of a variety and is filmed in many different locations, so the viewer can see / learn more about the story.

News programme are normally live presentations and can change as the programme develops. It will have a running order which has been decided by the news editor but as the programme is broadcast he can change this if necessary which means the programme can be as up to date as possible. Unlike a pre made or current affairs programme.

Intro / Music
The Intro and music to most news programmes are normally short, fast and exciting. The music has a up beat theme which can be edited to fit different timelines. The music is often used underneath the opening news headlines. A lot of news intros features a graphic of the world (e.g. BBC 9 o'clock News) which shows that the news is from many places. Sometimes they use shots of different world events ether current or historical. Some news intro feature classic simples of the country the news programme is based in (e.g. The news at 10 on ITV)










      (BBC News Worlds)                                                                                    (ITV News at 10)


Summary of the main news
This is a quick part of the programme to inform the viewer what the stories they will be covering in the news programme. It's a way to try and keep the viewers interest in the rest of the programme it can came in the from of effected news headlines with often a qwerty story at the end.

Order of stories
This will follow the order of the headlines but could be changed if any breaking news develops during the programme. Theses are often 2 / 5 minute stories which start with the studio presenter introducing the story and then cut to a reporter at where ever the news event has / is taking place. During each news story information to help the viewer understand the story in displayed around the news item. This could simply be the name of the person talking or the place the news event is happening. however detailed graphics and animation can all so be used to illustrate the story. Maps to show where in the world it is happening or chance to show growth or lost etc. A good example of  detailed graphics are used during an election to show the political landscape as it changes. On many occasions experts / witness are interviewed to give a more detailed versions of the news event. These take place either in the studio or out on location.


                                                       (John Snow Swingomiter graphic)

Summary of news
This takes place at the end of the news programme and has to main purposes' one to recap encase the viewer missed something and 2 to allow a late viewer to catch up with what they've missed.

Weather and news sports
The weather and sport elements of a news programme are normally presented by a different person. A sports correspondent will effectively present the sports news in a similar format to the main news programme i.e. headlines name sport stories summary. The weather again uses a different presenter in a separate part of the studio. normally standing in front of green screen on which the viewer see a map and weather symbols interacting the weather is like. Depending on time they will predict the weather for the next 24 hours or longer if time permits.

The programmes audience, political bias and contract with the viewer


The audiences can be persuaded to see things in a particular way, the news anchors can be bias and lead the program or interview in a direction he or she wants and push their views. This is called "one-sided" and is demonstrated well in the documentary "Out Foxed". 
In Outfoxed they show how a Fox News presenter interviews 3 different conservative politicians and only one democrat. This give the story a bias as you get three against one making it hard to be objective.  Plus they can and do use images to emphasise to point they want to got over.
They can also use experts from one side of a story and not have a balanced approach. Some news programmes and or channels can be very bias.. sometimes being lead by the person that owns the news channel. As in FOX which is owned by Rupert Murdock a man that has very strong ideas and he used his TV stations and newspapers to get his views across ..!

Issues of representation












The cast of ITV's Daybreak

Most of the news programmes seem to have a broad selection of presenters in the UK.
However some seem to try much harder to get a mix than others. On ITV in the morning we have a programme called Daybreak.  Its main presenters are Welsh ( Aled Jones ) and Scottish  ( Lorraine Kelly ) with an Asian news reader and an English weather girl. So although there is not an Afro Caribbean it is a real mixture.
The BBC's news programme on at the same time again has a selection of people from around the UK but not and mixed as ITV.
On all news programmes the presenters are more formally dressed to give a professional image / serious. Their guests can be more relaxed and informal as they dress in away that represents them be it a pop star or a member of the general public. A politician will normally be dressed formally again to give the idea that they are serious and important.

Why multi-camera setups are used and how the studio might be set up?

Multi camera is a method for shooting films using many different cameras. The cameras are set up in different places in order to gain a variety of shots, therefore cutting down the time taken to shoot.
Multi-cameras are often set up the way they are because it's a live show. So the vision mixer can cut back and fourth from one camera to the next. This can be done live to add extra life / dimension to a broadcast. A good example of this is the TV program "This Morning" when they interview guests they have a multi camera set up to get different angels of the hosts at the guest. So one camera will be focused on the hosts and one on the Guest or another in close up. The vision mixer can then cut back and fourth each camera. The vision mixer is normally given commands by the shows director.
There are many advantages of using the multi camera set up in a movie, such as it saves a lot of time in the post production stage of the production, as the scenes don’t need to be re-shot again in a different angle, therefore time is saved on preparing the equipment such as lighting, another advantage would be there will be less issues with continuity, the characters wont look different.
The first shot is a Mid Shot of the host with the guest in the background because the guest are talking about the guest so the audience can see who they are talking about. The next shot is a mid shot focused on the guest to show the audience who the host will be interviewing. The guest looking miserable as per normal. The camera in panning slowly focused on the guest so the shot isn't a still boring shot. Then the next shot is the same as the first shot to give the feel of a conversation happening between the hosts and the guest. Then cuts back to the camera with the mid shot of the guest with the camera still panning focused on the guest. showing the guests reactions talking to the hosts. The last shot cuts back to a mid shot of the host looking at the camera with the guest still in the background as the hosts read of the autocue.
 
Above is a link of this morning interviewing a guest using the multi camera set up.


The photo above is the floor plan for SCN Network (My News Show). I made this diagram using the Google sketch up software. You can see I have 3 camera's that can all work independently to produce a different shot of the sofa area / guests / hosts. It allows one camera to be actually  broadcasting / recording while the others get ready / set up for their next shot.  Each camera will have its own number or name so that the director can tell the camera man what he wants him to do in advance of being used. 
So the director could say camera2 close up camera1 pull back ready for long shot etc.

Diaries



JONAH HILL plays Charles Martin

Dear Diary,

Today was not a good one..! my boss seems to think I can go all day without a break.
He might be able to.. Plus I like having a chat in the coffee room or just getting some fresh  air. I was so hungry by the time I left the office I stopped in at Pizza Hut and had a great pizza it  was the best pizza I had ever had in my life. I'm a changed man now.


NICK FROST plays Tom Higgins

Dear Diary,

Today was just like any another day. I got out of bed and got ready for work, but on my way to work I met someone… someone I clicked with straight away. She had the most beautiful eyes I've ever seen.. like WOW...!  her name is Joanne Martin.. wow. We spoke for ages, but sadly I had to go to work so I had to leave... but I did get her number.

As I had spent so long talking to Joanne I arrive at at work 30 minutes late. I tried to sneak in without the boss seeing me (He saw me) He called me to his office. I was thinking I was just expecting the worst... such as being fired or something on the lines of that. 
I was so nervous of what he was going to say to me. He said "Tom… Ive been very very disappointed lately because of … all our employees not working as hard as you and I'm going to give you a promotion." 

Wow again .. could today get any better I flipped out. I was so happy. Then he dismissed me, so I went to my desk was started working and very happy guy.

Note -

Diary entry


I think its funny that a Pizza had changed a mans life.

I like the way he was late and got promoted for it.

Overall I think it is a good story.

bby pls

- Cory

The Avengers Beat Sheet

1. Opening Image The film opens on an image of the Tesseract. This source of energy is the key to the entire film, the glowing blue cube that will cause a war between Earth and the Chitauri. It will also cause some of Earth’s mightiest heroes to come together by the final image. During the Opening Image, we see an odd stairway in space leading up to an individual known as only as The Other. We listen as The Other, a villain, provides some insight into who and what the threat is for our world. And it doesn’t take long for this threat to arrive.
Well Loki what we have here...
Well Loki what we have here...
2. Theme Stated After the arrival of Loki and the destruction of the secret NASA base examining the properties of the Tesseract, S.H.I.E.L.D. agent Nick Fury radios Agent Phil Coulson, telling him that we are now at war. This is what the film will revolve around: the idea of conflict and the threat from outside our world as well as from within. To find peace, our protagonists will not only have to defeat the alien threat but also that which threatens to separate them and prevent them from forming a team.
3. Set-Up It should be noted that much of the Set-up for this film has occurred during the previous Marvel movies for the individual superheroes. In Iron Man and Iron Man 2The Incredible HulkThor, and Captain America: The First Avenger, we learn about their journeys and abilities, and a fair amount of groundwork has been laid. During the Set-up for this film, the basic information we need to know is established. We get our first true glimpse at the cause of the conflict: the Tesseract. It has begun “behaving” on its own, turning itself on when it should not. As Nick Fury descends into the lower levels of the secret complex, we meet several of the main characters. A scientist, Dr. Erik Selvig, has been studying the Tesseract and is not sure why it is acting that way. Agent Clint “Hawkeye” Barton, an expert with arrows, notes that the Tesseract is being studied because it is an energy source that can open a doorway into space… and that doors open from both sides. This is made evident when we see a beam of light shoot from the Tesseract, opening a portal and illuminating the figure of Loki, the banished Norse god. Loki quickly makes his intentions known to steal the Tesseract. Using his scepter, he takes control of the minds of several S.H.I.E.L.D. personnel, including Hawkeye and Dr. Selvig. During his escape, the unstable energy from the Tesseract portal collapses on itself, causing the ground beneath the base to collapse. Despite his efforts, Nick Fury is unable to stop Loki and retrieve the Tesseract.
4. Catalyst After speaking to the World Security Council, Nick Fury decides to take it upon himself to re-activate the Avengers Initiative. While Loki’s theft of the Tesseract is clearly a catalyst that propels the story forward, the bigger story at hand is the formation of the Avengers as a superhero team to stop Loki. Fury’s decision will affect the lives of all of our heroes, as well as our planet itself.
5. Debate During the Debate, we are left to wonder if the heroes Nick Fury has sought out will come together to help stop Loki. We are introduced to Agent Natasha Romanoff, also known as the Black Widow. Agent Romanoff seeks out the elusive Dr. Bruce Banner, an expert in Gamma radiation (and also a victim of it). While he wants to be left alone, he agrees to help in the effort. Agent Coulson seeks out Tony Stark, but Stark does not want to be a part of the situation. He has just made Stark Towers a beacon of self-sustaining green energy using the Arc Reactor as a power source. However, at the prompting of Pepper Potts, Stark agrees to read over the information Coulson provides. After speaking with the World Security Council about locating Loki’s brother Thor, Nick Fury visits Steve Rogers, who is still adjusting to the modern world after being unfrozen and revived. His flashbacks show his anger and confusion, and when Nick Fury tells him the Tesseract has been stolen, Rogers knows all too well that he must step in and aid Fury in this effort. He’s seen the power of the Tesseract in action before. Meanwhile, S.H.I.E.L.D. has no idea where Loki is or how much time they have left before whatever he has planned will be unleashed.
6. Break into Two Nick Fury’s plan to assemble the heroes begins to take shape. He boards the S.H.I.E.L.D. helicarrier with Dr. Banner, Romanoff, and Rogers. The Avengers are beginning to form. The heroes are now stepping into the upside-down world where they will have to work together.
7. B Story While there are many smaller stories within each character arc, the B Story in this movie is the story of friendship between the heroes and their struggle to work together, to trust each other, and to become a team that will fight as one. The B Story will completely meet the A Story (stopping Loki and saving the world) by the Break Into Three.
It's all fun and games, until a demi-god, a guy in a mechanical suit and a bio-engineered superhero from the 50s get hurt.
It's all fun and games, until a demi-god, a guy in a mechanical suit, and a bio-engineered superhero from the 40s get hurt.
8. Fun & Games Now that the search is on for Loki, the story reveals some of the team dynamics as well as some of the inner-workings of S.H.I.E.L.D. They locate Loki in Germany as he and his team steal some iridium, an element that will stabilize the Tesseract’s energy and will keep the portal open. Unable to resist the ability to subjugate the crowd, Loki transforms and wears his helmet and armor. Demanding that they kneel, he is surprised when one lone elderly German man refuses. As Loki is about to kill the man, Captain America arrives and stops him. Romanoff and Iron Man also arrive, capturing Loki. On the flight back to the S.H.I.E.L.D. helicarrier, a lightning storm reveals that Thor has arrived. He demands that Loki be remanded to him as a prisoner of Asgard, and disappears with Loki to the forest below. Iron Man goes after him, and the two begin to fight over Loki. Captain America steps in to stop the fight, and they take Loki prisoner together. On board the helicarrier again, the team tries to determine where the Tesseract is and what Loki’s plan may be. Team dynamics are tested as Stark shows his admiration for Dr. Banner while jokingly trying to set him off to see the Hulk manifest. Stark also hacks into the computer system and finds some questionable plans that S.H.I.E.L.D. has: to use the powers of the Tesseract in making weapons.
9. Midpoint During the Midpoint, we see the crossing of the A and B Stories as the pace quickens. Romanoff tricks Loki into revealing his plan, which is to “activate” the Hulk to bring down the helicarrier and help him escape, thus letting him open the portal to let the Chitauri in for the invasion. The “time clock” for the attack is imminent. Also, the team suffers a false defeat as they threaten to be torn apart. Confronting Nick Fury about the secret weapons, the team gets into an argument, hurling accusations and insults at each other. As Dr. Banner says, “We’re not a team… we’re a time bomb.” And that time bomb is just about to go off.
10. Bad Guys Close In Clint “Hawkeye” Barton returns and destroys one of the helicarrier’s engines. He and his team also hack into the computer, releasing Loki from the cell that was meant to contain the Hulk if needed. During the attack, Dr. Banner transforms into the Hulk and tears up the helicarrier. Thor fights with him, and Iron Man and Captain America try to get the engine working again while holding back enemy forces. Romanoff fights Barton, and Fury attempts to prevent a total disaster in the control room. Eventually, Hulk leaps off the carrier onto a damaged plane, and Thor is tricked into being sealed inside the cell that once held Loki. Loki releases the cell, dropping it 30,000 feet to the ground below. Iron Man is able to get the engine back online, but not without cost.
11. All Is Lost Agent Coulson confronts Loki and is stabbed by his spear. Loki escapes, the team is split up, and the helicarrier is heavily damaged. All is lost for the team as they realize the impossibility of learning of Loki’s plan and how to stop him. Nick Fury finds Agent Coulson, who soon dies while saying that he was okay with it because the heroes needed something to prompt them into action. The “whiff of death” is in the air.
12. Dark Night of the Soul The team is now split up. As Tony Stark and Steve Rogers sit together, defeated, Nick Fury tosses blood-stained, vintage Captain America trading cards onto the table. They belonged to Agent Coulson, the one who never gave up believing in heroes. After Fury leaves, Rogers and Stark argue what to do next. The theme breaks through loud and clear as Stark shuns the idea that they are soldiers. Suddenly, they realize what Loki will do next, and where his portal will get its energy source from: Stark Tower.
13. Break into Three The heroes make a decision. Iron Man and Captain America, along with Black Widow and Hawkeye, head to Manhattan to try and stop Loki. Thor has escaped plummeting to his death and seeks to join them, while Dr. Banner recovers from his fall thanks to his transformation as the Hulk. Stark confronts Loki in Stark Tower, telling him about the Avengers. The theme of the struggle being a war comes full circle in what Stark tells Loki: “Maybe your army comes and maybe it’s too much for us, but it’s all on you. Because if we can’t protect the Earth, you can be damned well sure we’ll avenge it!” The A Story and the B Story completely meet: the heroes will save the world, and they will become a team to do so.
The Chitauri wouldn't like him when he's angry.
The Chitauri wouldn't like him when he's angry.
14. Finale Gathering the Team: The heroes converge on the streets of Manhattan and plan to hold off the army as long as possible while trying to find a way to close the portal. Iron Man will take to the skies, while the others will protect the civilians on the street. Thor will deal with Loki and try to speak some sense into him while they wait for Dr. Banner to arrive. The invasion has begun. Storming the Castle: The Avengers fight the Chitauri on land and in the air. The battle rages and they are outnumbered. Dr. Banner arrives, using his anger to turn into the Hulk and provide some much-needed muscle. Combined and working as a team, the Avengers are able to hold their own, but they need to find a way to close the portal. Black Widow is able to make it to the top of Stark Tower on a Chitauri glider, and finds out Dr. Selvig knows of a way to close the portal and end this battle… High-Tower Surprise: …but the World Security Council wants to end it on their own terms, by striking the island of Manhattan with a nuclear bomb. Nick Fury tries to convince them to let the Avengers fight the Chitauri off, but despite his efforts, a plane with a nuclear bomb heads toward the city. “Dig, Deep Down”: Iron Man, aware of the situation, takes it upon himself to stop this from happening. Grabbing hold of the bomb, he takes it toward the portal to send it to the Chitauri ship. He knows it’s a one-way ticket, but he is willing to sacrifice everything to protect mankind in this war. The team member who was the most selfish one is willing to give up his own life to save others. Executing the New Plan: Iron Man sends the bomb into the portal, and as it detonates, he falls back to Earth, making it through the portal just in time before Black Widow closes it completely. The Avengers re-capture Loki and hand over the Tesseract to Thor. Earth is saved.
15. Final Image Nick Fury tells Agent Hill that the Avengers will go their separate ways, but they will come back if they are needed. Proof of this is seen in the final image: as the camera zooms out from Tony Stark and Pepper Potts in Stark Tower, the only letter in “STARK” that is still illuminated after the battle is the only one that will matter: the “A.”

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